A Review on Pathophysiology, and Molecular Mechanisms of Bacterial Chondronecrosis and Osteomyelitis in Commercial Broilers

Modern day broilers have a great genetic potential to gain heavy bodyweights with huge metabolic demand prior their fully mature ages. Moreover, this made the prone opportunistic pathogens which may enter locomotory organs under stress causing bacterial chondronecrosis and osteomyelitis (BCO). Such pathogenic colonization is further accelerated by microfractures clefts that are formed in bones due rapid growth rate of along ischemia blood vessels. Furthermore, there several pathways alter bone homeostasis like acute phase response, intrinsic extrinsic cell death pathways. In contrast, all affected birds not exhibit clinical lameness even presence associated factors infection. Although Staphylococcus, E. coli, Enterococcus considered as common involved BCO, but exist other non-culturable bacteria. Any deviation from maintaining homeostatic environment gut might lead translocation through followed proliferation bacteria respective including bones. It important alleviate dysbiosis analogous gut. This can be achieved supplementing pro, pre, synbiotics helps providing eubiotic abating was studied incidence BCO. review focused on novel biomarkers, pathophysiological mechanism, economic significance immune mechanisms, miscellaneous addition, role microbiomes diversity culture models compact chicken better understanding BCO were explored.